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An ERCP is a medical procedure that allows your doctor to examine and treat your bile ducts, which are tubes that carry bile from your liver and gallbladder to your small intestine. Bile ducts can become blocked by stones, tumors, or inflammation, causing pain and jaundice. To perform an ERCP, your doctor will use an endoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera and light at the end. The endoscope will be inserted through your mouth and passed down your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum until it reaches the opening of the bile ducts. You will be given anesthesia or sedation to make you comfortable during the procedure. Your doctor will inject a contrast dye into the bile ducts and take X-ray images to see if there are any blockages or abnormalities. If needed, your doctor can also use special tools that can be passed through the endoscope to remove stones, cut scar tissue, widen narrow ducts, or place a small metal or plastic tube called a stent to keep the ducts open. Sometimes, the blockage in the bile ducts is too difficult to reach by ERCP. In that case, your doctor may use another procedure called percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography (PTHC), which involves making a small incision in your skin and inserting a thin needle into your liver to access the bile ducts from above.

An ERCP is usually done in a hospital or an outpatient center. You will need to fast for several hours before the procedure and avoid taking certain medications that can affect the results. You will also need to arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure, as you may feel drowsy from the anesthesia or sedation.

Before the ERCP, your doctor will explain the procedure to you and ask you to sign a consent form. You will also have a physical exam and some blood tests to check your liver function and blood clotting. You will be given a gown to wear and an intravenous (IV) line will be inserted into your arm to deliver fluids and medications. You will be taken to the procedure room and connected to monitors that will check your heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels.

During the ERCP, you will lie on your left side or on your stomach on an X-ray table. Your doctor will spray your throat with a numbing medicine or give you a sedative through the IV line to help you relax. You may also receive antibiotics to prevent infection. Your doctor will insert the endoscope through your mouth and guide it to the bile ducts. You may feel some pressure or discomfort as the endoscope moves through your digestive tract, but you should not feel any pain. You may also be asked to change positions or hold your breath at times to help your doctor get a better view of the bile ducts. Your doctor will inject the contrast dye and take X-ray images to look for any problems. If any treatment is needed, your doctor will use special tools that can be passed through the endoscope. The procedure usually takes 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on how complex it is. 061ffe29dd